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Intradermal tattoo as an adjunct to nipple-areola
reconstruction.
Spear SL, Convit R, Little JW
3rd.
Division of Plastic Surgery,
Georgetown University
Medical Center, Washington, D.C.
Improving results in breast reconstruction
have encouraged more authentic restoration
of the lost nipple-areola. While recreation
of nipple shape can be reliably achieved,
appropriate color has remained elusive, except
when a composite nipple graft has been harvested
from the normal breast, often at a significant
aesthetic, emotional, and oncology cost.
Extensive experience with intradermal tattooing
of the nipple-areola in over 100 patients
over a 5-year period has shown this technique
to be exceptionally safe and effective. Both
medical-grade and commercial machines are
available at varying prices, and medical-grade
pigments may be obtained in a variety of
authentic flesh tones derived from titanium
or iron oxides. In nearly every case, tattooing
has helped with either nipple-areola color,
size, shape, or position, without any significant
complications. Some degree of tattoo fading
is common, requiring occasional late touch-ups
and, more rarely, complete re-tattooing.
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